Calvin Thomas's An Anthology of German Literature (1906) is a classroom companion shaped by deliberate authorial choices that reveal his priorities as a literary historian. In the preface, Thomas states his first principle was to give 'a good deal of the best rather than a little of everything,' applying 'the criterion of literary worth' to select works that show medieval German poetry 'in its strength and its beauty.' This editorial stance prioritizes aesthetic quality over comprehensive coverage, a decision that frames the anthology as a curated introduction rather than a neutral archive.

Translation as a Curatorial Act

Thomas's decision to present medieval selections in 'modern German translations' rather than original texts is a notable authorial intervention. He explains that the anthology was intended 'as an aid to literary rather than linguistic study,' and that space constraints and the presumed needs of students who 'have not studied, and may not care to study, Old and Middle German' justified this choice. This policy effectively transforms the medieval works into accessible literary artifacts, while also erasing their original linguistic texture. The editor acknowledges this trade-off openly, framing it as a practical concession to the anthology's pedagogical purpose.

Defining 'German' Through Exclusion

Thomas's second principle was to give preference to 'that which is truly German, in contradistinction from that which is Latin, or European, or merely Christian.' He explicitly disregards 'the Latinists of every epoch' as 'not being of German literature in the strict sense,' yet makes exceptions for Waltharius and Rudlieb because their 'matter is essentially German, albeit their form is Latin.' This nuanced boundary-drawing reveals a conception of national literature rooted in thematic content rather than language alone, and it shapes the anthology's canon by excluding a wide range of Latin-writing German authors.

The Voice of Ulrich von Hutten

The excerpt from Ulrich von Hutten's song 'Ich habs gewagt' (1521) illustrates Thomas's interest in works that convey a distinctly German political and cultural voice. Hutten's lines—'Yetzt ist die zeit, zůheben an / Umb freyheit kryegen, gott wils han!'—are presented with editorial footnotes that explain the historical context, including the phrase 'ich habs gewagt' as a translation of jacta est alea and a motto after Hutten defended Luther. Thomas's annotation highlights the author's deliberate stance, showing how the anthology frames individual texts as moments of national self-assertion.

The Anthology as a Pedagogical Tool

Thomas designed the anthology to function independently of his History of German Literature, avoiding cross-references and including 'brief introductory notes, giving important dates and summary characterizations.' These notes are meant to 'enable the student to read the selections intelligently without constant recourse to some other book.' The editorial apparatus thus balances autonomy with guidance, reflecting Thomas's assumption that the primary reader is a student encountering these works for the first time. The result is a volume that mediates between scholarly rigor and classroom accessibility.

Readers approaching this anthology should attend to the editorial voice that shapes each selection: Thomas's choices in translation, exclusion, and annotation are not neutral but reflect a specific vision of German literary heritage. The excerpts invite scrutiny of how national literature is constructed through editorial decisions, and how the classroom context influences what is preserved and how it is presented. This edition offers a window into early twentieth-century literary pedagogy and its assumptions about cultural identity.